Wasp Nest Removal Cost in Ontario: 2026 Pricing by Nest Type

What Wasp Nest Removal Costs in Ontario

Wasp nest removal in Ontario costs between $100 and $500 for most residential situations, with the average homeowner paying $150 to $300. The price depends primarily on where the nest is located, what species built it, how large it has grown, and whether you need regular or emergency service. Small, accessible nests caught early in the season cost the least. Large, concealed nests discovered in late summer — when colonies are at peak population — cost the most and carry the highest risk.

Unlike many pest control services that require multiple visits, wasp nest removal is typically a single-visit job. The technician arrives, treats the nest with insecticide, removes or neutralizes it, and leaves. Some companies include a follow-up visit to confirm the colony is eliminated, but most standard treatments resolve the problem on the first visit. This makes wasp removal one of the more straightforward pest control expenses — but the price variability between a $100 removal and a $500 removal comes down to accessibility and risk.

Ontario has a diverse wasp population that peaks between July and September. According to Ontario's Ministry of Natural Resources, the province hosts several stinging insect species that build nests in and around homes, including paper wasps, yellow jackets, bald-faced hornets, and European hornets. Each species presents different challenges for removal — and different price points. Understanding what you are dealing with before calling an exterminator helps you evaluate quotes, set expectations, and decide whether the situation truly requires professional intervention or whether you can wait for nature to run its course.

Costs by Nest Location

Nest location is the single biggest factor in removal cost. An exposed nest on a low soffit is a 15-minute job; a nest inside a wall void requires cutting, treating, sealing, and sometimes repair work.

Exposed Exterior Nests ($100 to $200)

Nests hanging from soffits, eaves, deck ceilings, fence posts, playground equipment, and similar accessible locations are the easiest and cheapest to remove. The technician can approach the nest directly, apply insecticide, and remove the nest structure. These are typically paper wasp nests — small, open-faced combs with a visible honeycomb pattern. Treatment takes 15 to 30 minutes. If the nest is within reach from ground level, this is also the one scenario where careful DIY removal is feasible.

Ground Nests ($150 to $350)

Yellow jacket nests built underground — in abandoned rodent burrows, under landscape timbers, in gravel beds, or in garden soil — are more dangerous to treat because disturbed yellow jackets boil out of the entrance hole aggressively and in large numbers. The technician applies insecticidal dust or liquid into the entrance, then seals it to trap emerging wasps. Some ground nests have multiple entrances, requiring careful survey of the area before treatment. The higher cost reflects both the greater danger and the need for more thorough treatment to ensure the colony is eliminated rather than just scattered.

Wall Void and Soffit Nests ($200 to $500)

Nests inside wall voids, soffits, attic spaces, and ceiling cavities are the most expensive to treat because the nest itself is not directly accessible. The technician must identify the entry point, apply insecticide through or near the opening, and often drill additional access points to inject treatment into the void where the nest is located. Large yellow jacket colonies in wall voids can contain 2,000 to 5,000 workers. If the nest is discovered late in the season, the physical nest may be large enough to require removal to prevent moisture damage and secondary pest attraction (dead insects attract carpet beetles and other scavengers). Wall void work sometimes requires minor carpentry to access and seal the space afterward, adding to the cost.

High or Hard-to-Reach Nests ($200 to $500)

Nests in trees, on second or third-storey exterior walls, inside chimney structures, or on commercial building facades require ladder or lift equipment and additional safety measures. Height increases both the difficulty of applying treatment accurately and the risk to the technician. Bald-faced hornet nests in trees — large, enclosed, football-shaped structures often 5 to 10 metres off the ground — are among the most expensive residential removal jobs due to the combination of height, nest size, and aggressive colony defence.

Wasp Species in Ontario and Their Cost Implications

Ontario is home to several wasp species, and the species determines the nest type, colony size, aggression level, and treatment approach — all of which affect cost.

Paper Wasps

Paper wasps (Polistes spp.) build small, open-faced nests with visible hexagonal cells, usually under eaves, deck railings, and sheltered overhangs. Colonies are relatively small (50 to 200 workers at peak). Paper wasps are less aggressive than yellow jackets — they sting when the nest is directly disturbed but rarely chase. Their nests are the easiest and cheapest to remove. Cost: $100 to $200.

Yellow Jackets

Yellow jackets (Vespula spp.) are Ontario's most problematic wasp for homeowners. They build enclosed nests underground, inside wall voids, in attic spaces, and in other concealed locations. Colonies grow large — 2,000 to 5,000 workers by late summer. Yellow jackets are highly aggressive, especially near their nest, and can sting repeatedly without dying. They are attracted to food and garbage, bringing them into direct conflict with people at outdoor events. Yellow jacket removal is more dangerous and more expensive than paper wasp removal due to colony size, concealed nest locations, and aggressive defence behaviour. Cost: $150 to $500 depending on location.

Bald-Faced Hornets

Bald-faced hornets (Dolichovespula maculata) build large, enclosed, teardrop-shaped nests — grey and papery, often hanging from tree branches, building overhangs, or utility poles. Mature nests can reach 35 to 60 centimetres in diameter and house 400 to 700 workers. Despite the name, bald-faced hornets are actually a species of yellow jacket. They are among the most aggressive stinging insects in Ontario, attacking in numbers and pursuing threats up to 30 metres from the nest. Their nests are often elevated, requiring ladder access. The combination of aggression, height, and nest size makes bald-faced hornet removal the most expensive common wasp job. Cost: $250 to $600.

European Hornets

European hornets (Vespa crabro) are Ontario's only true hornet species. They are larger than yellow jackets (up to 35 mm), active at night as well as during the day, and build nests in hollow trees, wall voids, and attic spaces. Colonies contain 300 to 500 workers. European hornets are less aggressive than bald-faced hornets unless their nest is directly disturbed but can deliver painful stings. Their nocturnal activity sometimes brings them into homes attracted to lights. Removal cost is similar to wall-void yellow jacket work: $200 to $450.

Mud Daubers

Mud daubers are solitary wasps that build small tube-shaped mud nests on walls, under eaves, and in garages. They are not aggressive, rarely sting, and do not form colonies. Mud dauber nests can be scraped off with a putty knife — no professional removal is needed. Their presence is actually beneficial as they prey on spiders. Unless the nests are in a high-visibility area where they are cosmetically objectionable, leaving them alone is the best approach.

Identifying the Species Before Calling

If you can safely observe the nest from a distance, the shape and location provide good species identification clues. Open-faced, umbrella-shaped combs under sheltered horizontal surfaces are paper wasps. Large, enclosed, grey teardrop shapes in trees or on building exteriors are bald-faced hornets. Nests in ground holes with heavy wasp traffic are yellow jackets. Enclosed nests in tree hollows or wall voids with large (25+ mm) brown-and-yellow insects active at night are European hornets. Small mud tubes are mud daubers. Take a photo from a safe distance and send it to the pest control company when calling for a quote — accurate species identification over the phone helps the company send the right equipment and provide a more accurate estimate.

What Affects the Price

Beyond location and species, several other factors influence the final cost of wasp nest removal.

Nest Size and Colony Age

A spring nest the size of a golf ball with one queen and a handful of workers costs less to remove than a late-summer nest the size of a basketball with thousands of workers. Larger nests require more insecticide, more time, and carry more risk. Technicians may charge a premium for nests that have been allowed to grow through the entire season. This is the strongest argument for addressing wasp nests as soon as you spot them — a $100 spring removal becomes a $400 late-August emergency.

Number of Nests

Properties with multiple nests pay for each one individually, though most companies offer a per-nest discount when treating several on the same visit. A property with three paper wasp nests might pay $250 to $400 total rather than $150 per nest ($450). Ask about multi-nest pricing when booking if you have more than one problem area.

Emergency and After-Hours Service

Emergency removal requested for evenings, weekends, or holidays adds $50 to $200 to the regular price. A wasp nest discovered on a Friday afternoon before a Saturday backyard party will cost more than one scheduled for removal on a Tuesday morning. If the situation is not an immediate safety emergency, waiting two to three days for a regular-priced appointment saves money.

Travel Distance

Companies in the Greater Toronto Area have more competition and shorter travel distances, keeping prices competitive. Rural properties in northern or eastern Ontario may face travel surcharges of $50 to $100 if the nearest pest control operator is far away. Some companies charge a flat trip fee; others include travel in the service price up to a certain distance.

Urban vs Rural Pricing

Urban markets like the GTA, Ottawa, and Hamilton-Burlington have dozens of competing pest control companies, which keeps wasp removal prices competitive and response times short (often same-day or next-day). Rural Ontario communities may have only one or two operators covering a large geographic area, which can mean longer wait times and less price flexibility. In cottage country and northern Ontario, some homeowners face the additional challenge of finding a company willing to service their remote location at all — particularly for a single wasp nest job that might not justify the drive time. Bundling wasp removal with other seasonal pest services (mouse exclusion, ant treatment) can make it more worthwhile for a company to make the trip.

Warranty and Follow-Up

Some companies include a 30-day warranty covering re-treatment if the colony is not fully eliminated. Others charge for any follow-up visit. A few premium operators offer season-long wasp protection plans that cover unlimited nest removals between May and October for an annual fee of $300 to $600 — worthwhile for properties with recurring wasp problems. When comparing quotes, ask specifically about follow-up policy. A slightly higher upfront price with a warranty can be cheaper than a low initial price followed by a $150 re-treatment call.

What Professional Removal Includes

Understanding what you are paying for helps you evaluate quotes and know what to expect on treatment day.

The Standard Process

A professional removal typically follows this sequence: the technician identifies the species and locates the nest, assesses the treatment approach based on location and accessibility, applies insecticide to the nest (aerosol, dust, or liquid depending on the situation), waits for the colony to be neutralized (usually 15 to 30 minutes for contact-kill products), removes the physical nest if accessible, and provides recommendations for preventing future nests in the same location. The entire visit takes 30 to 90 minutes for a standard residential job.

Products Used

Professional technicians use commercial-grade insecticides that are more effective and longer-lasting than retail products. Common professional products include synthetic pyrethroids in aerosol or dust formulation for direct nest application, and residual insecticides applied around the entry point to kill returning foragers that were away from the nest during treatment. The residual application is important — without it, foraging workers returning to the nest site after treatment remain alive and active, potentially establishing a new nest or swarming the area.

What Is Not Included

Standard removal typically does not include repair of any damage caused by the nest (drywall patching, soffit repair), removal of nest material from deep within wall voids (in some cases the dead nest is left in place to decompose naturally), or guarantee against new nests from different colonies in future seasons. Some companies offer preventive treatment packages that include spring monitoring and treatment of emerging nests for an annual fee — this is a separate service from reactive nest removal.

Safety Equipment and Liability

Professional technicians arrive equipped with protective bee suits, veils, and gloves rated for wasp stings. They carry commercial-grade application equipment including extension wands for reaching high nests, dusters for injecting insecticidal dust into voids, and pressurized sprayers with residual formulations. Licensed companies carry liability insurance that covers both technician injuries and any property damage during the removal process. This insurance protection is one of the key differences between hiring a licensed professional and hiring an unlicensed individual advertising on social media — if something goes wrong during an unlicensed removal (a technician falls from a ladder, a wall is damaged accessing a nest), you may have no recourse for damages.

DIY Wasp Nest Removal: Risks and Realities

DIY removal is tempting given the cost savings, but the risks are real and frequently underestimated.

When DIY Is Reasonable

A small paper wasp nest (smaller than your fist) on an exposed surface that you can reach from ground level, located away from doors and high-traffic areas, is the one scenario where DIY removal is feasible. Purchase a commercial wasp spray with a projected stream of 4 to 6 metres. Apply at dusk when wasps are least active and all colony members are on the nest. Saturate the nest thoroughly, then leave the area. Return the next day to confirm the colony is dead before removing the nest structure. Wear long sleeves, pants, closed shoes, and gloves.

When DIY Is Dangerous

Do not attempt DIY removal in these situations: the nest is in a wall void, attic, or underground (yellow jacket ground nests are particularly dangerous to disturb without proper equipment); the nest belongs to bald-faced hornets (highly aggressive, attack in groups, pursue threats for 30+ metres); you need a ladder to reach the nest (being stung while on a ladder creates a fall risk far more dangerous than the stings themselves); you or anyone in the household has a known allergy to wasp stings; or the nest is larger than a softball (indicating a large, established colony). In all of these situations, the risk of serious injury from DIY attempts exceeds the cost of professional removal.

Common DIY Mistakes

The most frequent DIY failure is using the wrong product or application method. Spraying a ground nest entrance with aerosol wasp spray does not penetrate deep enough to reach the underground colony — it kills the guards at the entrance while thousands of workers inside become agitated and exit through secondary openings. Attempting removal during the day when most workers are home means maximum resistance; attempting during active foraging hours means returning workers find a disturbed nest and become highly aggressive in the surrounding area. Sealing a wall void entrance without first eliminating the colony traps wasps inside your wall, where they may chew through drywall to enter your living space. Using fire, gasoline, or flooding to destroy ground nests creates fire hazards, environmental contamination, and generally fails to kill the colony. Every year, Ontario emergency departments treat homeowners who attempted DIY wasp removal and ended up with dozens of stings, ladder falls, or burns from fire-based methods.

DIY Costs

Commercial wasp spray costs $8 to $15 per can at Ontario hardware stores. A protective bee suit costs $50 to $150 if you want genuine protection rather than relying on regular clothing. For the one scenario where DIY is appropriate (small, accessible paper wasp nest), the total DIY cost is under $20. For any other scenario, the math strongly favours professional removal — $150 to $300 for a professional who does this daily versus a potential emergency room visit and the consequences of an incomplete treatment that leaves angry wasps dispersed around your property.

When Is the Best Time to Remove a Wasp Nest?

Timing affects both the cost and the danger of removal.

Best Time: Early Spring

April and May, when queens are just beginning to build nests and colonies have fewer than 20 workers, is the ideal time. Nests are small, treatment is quick, risk is low, and cost is minimal. This is why spring property inspections matter — checking under eaves, deck ceilings, and soffit areas in April catches nests when they are easy to handle. A golf-ball-sized spring nest takes five minutes to treat.

Manageable Time: Early Summer

June and July see growing colonies but nests are still manageable. Most nests have reached softball to grapefruit size. Treatment is straightforward and costs are standard. This is when most homeowners first notice wasp activity and call for removal.

Worst Time: Late Summer

August and September are peak colony size — nests may contain thousands of workers, colonies are at maximum aggression (they are now defending a large investment in reproductive wasps preparing for next year), and the nests themselves are large enough to cause issues in wall voids. Late-summer removal costs more, carries more risk, and is harder to schedule because this is peak demand season for pest control companies. If you can identify and remove nests before they reach this stage, you save money and avoid the highest-risk treatment scenarios.

Late Season: October Onward

Ontario's first hard frosts in October and November kill worker wasps and males. Only fertilized queens survive, leaving the nest to hibernate elsewhere. By late October, most above-ground nests are empty or nearly so. If a nest is in a location where it is not bothering anyone, simply waiting for frost to kill the colony is a free and effective solution. The dead nest will not be reused the following year. If the nest is in a wall void, removal after the colony dies is still advisable to prevent attracting secondary pests.

Time of Day for Treatment

Professional technicians prefer to treat wasp nests at dawn or dusk when the majority of workers are on the nest rather than out foraging. Treating during peak foraging hours (midday in warm weather) means a significant portion of the colony is away from the nest and will not be exposed to the initial application. While residual insecticide catches many returning foragers, a dusk treatment ensures maximum contact with the colony in one application. If you are scheduling a removal, early morning or late afternoon appointments tend to be more effective than midday visits, particularly for large yellow jacket colonies where catching the maximum number of workers matters.

Ontario Wasp Seasonal Calendar

Understanding the annual cycle helps you anticipate and prevent wasp problems.

April to May: Queen Emergence and Nest Founding

Overwintering queens emerge from hibernation and begin searching for nest sites. Each queen starts a new nest alone, laying the first batch of eggs and caring for them until the first workers emerge. Nests are tiny and contain only one wasp. This is the lowest-risk, lowest-cost window for removal and the best time for preventive action.

June to July: Colony Growth

The first generation of workers takes over foraging and nest expansion while the queen focuses on egg-laying. Colony population grows rapidly through this period. Nests become visible and wasp activity around the home increases. Most homeowners first notice the problem during this phase. Removal is still relatively straightforward and moderately priced.

August to September: Peak Population

Colonies reach maximum size. Queens begin producing reproductive males and new queens rather than workers, increasing total nest population but not the working foraging force. Wasp activity around food and garbage peaks as the colony's food demands are highest. Aggression increases as workers defend the colony's reproductive investment. This is when most emergency wasp calls occur, most stings happen, and removal is most expensive. Ontario pest control companies report their highest wasp call volumes during the last two weeks of August and the first two weeks of September.

October to November: Colony Decline

First frosts kill workers. New queens leave the nest to find hibernation sites. The colony dies. Old nests are abandoned permanently. Queens that successfully overwinter will start entirely new nests the following spring — they never reuse the old structure. In mild fall weather, the transition can stretch into November, but most Ontario wasp colonies are effectively dead by late October.

What Happens After the Nest Is Removed

Successful nest removal does not mean you will never see another wasp.

Returning Foragers

Workers that were away foraging when the nest was treated will return to the nest site over the next 24 to 48 hours. They will find no nest and no colony to rejoin. These returning wasps may hover around the former nest location for a day or two, appearing agitated. They are not building a new nest — they are disoriented and will disperse or die within a few days. Residual insecticide applied around the entry point during professional treatment kills most returning foragers on contact.

Nest Material in Wall Voids

If the nest was in a wall void, the dead nest material and dead wasps remain inside the wall unless specifically removed. In most cases, the material decomposes harmlessly. In rare cases with very large nests, the decomposing material can attract secondary pests (carpet beetles, dermestid beetles) or produce a mild odour. If your technician recommends removing nest material from a wall void, it typically involves cutting a small access hole, extracting the material, and patching the wall — an additional cost of $100 to $300 depending on the work required.

Will Wasps Come Back Next Year?

Wasps do not reuse old nests, so the specific colony you removed will not return to the exact same nest structure. However, if your property has attractive nesting conditions — sheltered cavities, warm south-facing walls, proximity to food sources — new queens from other colonies may choose similar locations to build fresh nests the following spring. Properties that have had wasp nests in previous years are statistically more likely to have them again because the structural features that attracted the first colony still exist. This is why preventive exclusion (sealing entry points, screening vents) and spring monitoring are important long-term strategies, not just reactive one-time fixes.

Monitoring After Treatment

Check the treated area daily for three to five days after removal. Expect to see a handful of confused returning foragers hovering near the old nest site for the first 48 hours — this is normal and does not indicate treatment failure. If you see active nest construction or a growing cluster of wasps at the same site after five days, contact the pest control company for a follow-up visit. Most reputable companies include one follow-up visit within their standard removal price or offer it at a reduced cost if the original treatment does not fully resolve the problem.

Preventing Wasp Nests

Prevention is cheaper than removal and eliminates the sting risk entirely.

Spring Inspection and Treatment

Inspect all common nest sites in April: under eaves, deck ceilings, soffit corners, behind shutters, inside BBQ covers, and in garden sheds. Remove any starter nests (smaller than a golf ball) by scraping them off with a putty knife after dark. Apply residual insecticide to historically problematic spots — areas where nests have formed in previous years. Preventive spring treatment from a professional costs $100 to $200 and covers the full building perimeter, making it harder for queens to establish nests on your property.

Seal Entry Points

Wasps enter wall voids through the same gaps that other pests exploit. Seal gaps around soffits, fascia, J-channels on vinyl siding, utility penetrations, and ventilation openings. Screen attic vents and gable vents with fine mesh. Repair damaged soffit panels and loose siding. Addressing these gaps prevents both wasp nest establishment and entry by other pests — the same exclusion work that keeps out mice and stink bugs keeps out nest-building wasps.

Reduce Attractants

Keep garbage in sealed containers. Clean up fallen fruit promptly. Cover food and drinks at outdoor events. Avoid leaving pet food outside. Yellow jackets in particular are attracted to protein sources (meat, fish) in spring and early summer and to sugar sources (fruit, soda, juice) in late summer. Reducing these attractants near your home makes your property less appealing for nest establishment.

Landscaping and Habitat Management

Ground-nesting yellow jackets prefer loose, dry soil in garden beds, along retaining walls, and in neglected lawn areas. Filling abandoned rodent burrows and maintaining dense, healthy turf reduces available nesting sites. Keep garden sheds and storage structures well-sealed — open eaves, gaps under doors, and unsealed wall joints are attractive nest sites. Firewood stacked against the house creates sheltered voids that wasps exploit. Store firewood at least five metres from the building and elevate it off the ground. Trim vegetation that contacts the building, as wasps use branches and vines as highways to access building entry points.

Fake Nest Deterrents

Some products and DIY guides recommend hanging fake wasp nests to deter new colonies from establishing nearby, based on the claim that wasps avoid nesting near other colonies. The evidence for this approach is mixed. Paper wasps show some territorial behaviour and may avoid areas with existing nests, but yellow jackets — the most problematic species — routinely build nests within metres of each other and are not reliably deterred by decoy nests. A fake nest costs $5 to $15 and does no harm, but relying on it as your primary prevention strategy is not supported by strong evidence. Exclusion and spring monitoring are more reliable.

Emergency Wasp Removal

Some situations cannot wait for a scheduled appointment.

When It Is a True Emergency

A wasp nest directly over a main entrance, above a child's play area, or next to a pool deck where people are getting stung needs immediate attention. A yellow jacket ground nest discovered by someone stepping on it and getting multiple stings is an emergency. A person with a known wasp allergy living in a home with an active nest inside the wall is an emergency. These situations justify emergency pest control pricing because the risk of serious harm from waiting exceeds the premium cost.

Emergency Pricing

Emergency same-day removal adds $50 to $150 to regular prices. After-hours service (evenings, weekends, holidays) adds $100 to $200. A standard $150 paper wasp removal that becomes an emergency Saturday evening call may cost $300 to $350. For situations where waiting until Monday would be reasonable (the nest is away from traffic areas, no one has been stung recently, no allergy concerns), scheduling a regular appointment saves money.

Allergic Reactions and Medical Costs

While not directly a pest control cost, the medical risk of wasp stings is a factor in the decision to hire a professional. A single wasp sting causes localized pain and swelling for most people, but approximately 3 percent of adults experience systemic allergic reactions ranging from widespread hives to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Emergency department visits for anaphylactic reactions cost the Ontario health system thousands per incident, and the personal risk includes permanent injury or death in rare cases. Anyone with a known venom allergy should never attempt DIY removal and should communicate the allergy risk when requesting priority scheduling for professional removal. Carrying an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) during wasp season is recommended by allergists for anyone with a history of systemic reactions.

Choosing a Wasp Removal Company

Wasp removal is a common service offered by most Ontario pest control companies. Here is how to choose well.

What to Look For

The company should hold a valid Ontario Pesticide Operator Licence and technicians should carry current Applicator licences. Ask whether the price includes residual treatment around the entry point (it should — this kills returning foragers). Confirm whether physical nest removal is included or just chemical treatment of the colony. Ask about their response time for your area. Check reviews specifically filtered for wasp removal experiences. A company that specializes in or regularly performs wasp work will have the right equipment, products, and experience to handle any nest location safely.

Getting Quotes

For a simple visible nest, many companies can quote over the phone based on a photo you send via text or email. For concealed nests (wall voids, underground, attic), an on-site inspection is usually needed before an accurate quote can be provided. Get at least two quotes for any job over $200. For standard exposed nest removal under $200, the convenience and speed of the first available company often outweighs the savings from extended comparison shopping — particularly when the nest is near a high-traffic area and every day of delay is a day of sting risk.

Red Flags When Hiring

Avoid companies that cannot provide a licence number, refuse to identify the species before quoting, recommend unnecessary treatments for the entire property when the problem is a single nest, or pressure you into long-term contracts for a one-time removal job. Be wary of extremely low quotes ($50 to $75 range) — these often indicate unlicensed operators who lack proper insurance, use consumer-grade products, and skip the residual treatment that prevents returning forager problems. Also avoid anyone who recommends sealing the nest entrance without treating the colony first, as this traps live wasps that may find or create alternative exits into your living space.

Comparing Wasp Removal to Other Pest Costs

In the broader context of pest control costs in Ontario, wasp nest removal sits at the lower end of the price spectrum. A single wasp removal visit ($100 to $500) is typically less expensive than bed bug treatment ($300 to $3,000+), wildlife removal ($300 to $1,500), or termite treatment ($1,000 to $5,000). Wasp removal is also one of the few pest services that is almost always resolved in a single visit — most other pest problems require multiple treatment rounds. This makes wasp removal one of the better values in pest control, provided you catch the nest before it becomes a large, concealed, late-summer problem that pushes the price toward the upper end of the range.

Frequently Asked Questions